Direct and Inderect Speech

DIRECT and INDERECT SPEECH

Direct and Inderect Speech atau dalam bahasa Indonesia biasa dikenal dengan kalimat langsung dan kalimat tidak langsung.

          

  Jika reported sentence menyatakan kata-kata yang sebenarnya, maka disebut sebagai direct speech atau kalimat langsung.  Kalimat-kalimat tersebut tidak dihubungkan oleh kata “that” melainkan harus ditandai dengan tanda baca koma.  Pada kalimat langsung, kita mengulangi ucapan pembicara sama persis.  Kalimat langsung biasanya digunakan dalam percakapan dalam buku ataupun drama.  Kalimat langsung memiliki dua bagian, yaitu reporting sentence and reported sentence.

o      

    Reporting sentence adalah klausa yang berisi siapa yang berbicara.

o   Reported sentence adalah klausa yang berisi apa yang dibicarakan.

Jika reported sentence memberikan isi pokok kata-kata yang dipakai oleh pembicara dan bukan kata sebenarnya, maka disebut sebagai indirect speech atau kalimat tidak langsung.  Dalam inderect speech kalimat-kalimat tersebut dihubungkan dengan kata “that”.  Pada kalimat tidak langsung, kita mengungkapkan maksud ucapan pembicara dengan ungkapan yang tidak sama persis.

Berikut adalah cara dalam perubahan untuk bentuk waktu dari reported speech atau reported sentence.

DIRECT SPEECH                          INDIRECT SPEECH

Simple Present                                 Simple Past

Present Continous                            Past Continous

Present Perfect                                Past Perfect

Present Perfect Continous                Past Perfect Continous

Simple Past                                     Past Perfect

Future Tense                                   Past Future

Future Continous                             Conditional Continous

Modals                                           Past Modals

Contoh dari penulisan Reported Speech :

      1.      Simple Present                                                  Simple Past

¨       Brian said, “I like reading”.                                  Brian said that she liked reading. 

¨                Sisca said, “My father is a lawyer”.                      Sisca said that her father was a lawyer. 

            2.     Present Continous                                               Past Continous

¨    Nina said, “I am listening to the music”                    Nina said that she was listening to the music.

¨               Raya said, “I am talking about job”.                         Raya said that she was talking about job. 

              3.       Present Perfect                                                 Past Perfect

¨    Peter said, “I have eaten rice”.                                  Peter said that he had eaten rice.

       4.   Present Perfect Continous                                  Past Perfect Continous

¨              Arya said, “I have been drinking soda”.                    Arya said that he had been drinking soda. 

      5.    Simple Past                                                          Past Perfect

¨    Joko said, “I watched TV last night”                   Joko said that he had watched TV the previous night

¨    Rica said, “I went to the zoo last week”              Rica said that she had gone to the zoo the previous week.

      6.      Future Continous                                                Conditional Continous

¨             Rahma said, “I will be drinking water”.                     Rahma said that she would be drinking water. 

            7.       Future Tense                                                     Past Future

¨             Riana said, “I will be a doctor”.                                Riana said that she would be a doctor.

           8.            Modals                                                             Past Modals

¨    Roni said, “I can speak Japanese”.                           Roni said that he could speak Japanese.

Question

           1.  What the couple Reported Speech of Present Perfect?

           -  Past Perfect

2.   What is Repoting Sentence ?

       -  Reporting Sentence is a clause that contain who are converse.

3.    Please write a formulas of Future to Past Future ?

       -  S + shall/will + V1           diubah menjadi            S + would + V1

Sumber   :         http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/08/direct-dan-indirect-speech/

                        http://kanjengguru.blog.com/materi-grammar/direct-and-indirect-speech/